UNIFORM RULES FOR DEMAND GUARANTEES ICC PUBLICATION NO.458 1992
国际商会见索即付保函统一规则
编号4581992
INTRODUCTION
引言

These Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (ICC Publication No.458) result from the work of the ICC Joint Working Party of members representing the Commission on International Commercial Practice and the Commission on Banking Technique and Practice, and also from the work of the Drafting Group set up to finalize the text. The Rules are intended to apply worldwide to the use of demand guarantees, that is, guarantees, bonds and other payment undertakings under which the duty of the guarantor or issuer to make payment arises on" the presentation of a written demand and any other documents specified in the guarantee and is not conditional on actual default by the principal in the underlying transaction.

《见索即付保函统一规则》(国际商会第458号出版物)是国际商会国际商业惯例委员会和银行技术与惯例委员会联合工作组以及为最后定稿而设立的起草小组的工作成果。本规则旨在于全球范围内适用于见索即付保函，也就是保函、保证或者其他付款承诺，在该承诺项下，当提交书面的付款要求以及保函所规定的其他单据后担保人或者出具人即有义务进行付款，而不以基础交易中被担保人是否实际违约为转移。

Demand guarantees differ from documentary credits in that they are properly invoked only if the principal has made default. However, the guarantor, like the issuer of a documentary credit, is concerned not with the fact of default, but only with documents.
见索即付保函与跟单信用证的区别是，只有当被担保人违约时，支用见索即付保函才是适当的。但是，如同跟单信用证的开证人一样，担保人仅仅处理单据，而不考察事实上是否发生了违约。

Standby credits are already governed by the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) (1983 Revision NO. 400). They have developed into all-purpose financial support instruments which are used in a much wider range of financial and commercial activity than demand guarantees, and regularly involve practices and procedures (e. g. confirmation, issue for a bank's own account, presentation of documents to a party other than the issuer) that are in frequently encountered in relation to demand guarantees and that ally standby credits more closely with documentary credits. Accordingly, while standby credits are technically within the definition of a demand guarantee, it is expected that issuers of standby credits will continue to use the UCP, which are both more detailed and more appropriate to the particular requirements of standby credits.

备用信用证业已由《跟单信用证统一惯例(UCP)》(1983年版，第400号出版物)来调整。它已经发展成为一种全能的金融支持工具，较见索即付保函更为广泛地应用于金融和商业活动中，并且经常涉及到见索即付保函很少遇到的做法和程序(例如，保兑、为银行自身开立、向开立人以外的一方提交单据)，从而使得备用信用证更类似于跟单信用证。因此，虽然备用信用证在技术上属于见索即付保函的定义范围，可以预见的是备用信用证的开证人将继续使用UCP，因为就备用信用证的特别需求而言，UCP更为详细和适合。

These Rules do not apply to suretyship or conditional bonds or guarantees or other accessory undertaking under which the guarantor's duty to pay arises only on actual default by the principal. Such instruments are widely used but are different in character from demand guarantees and are outside the scope and purpose of these Rules.

本规则不适用于有条件的保证或者其他从属性的承诺，在该承诺项下担保人仅在被担保人实际违约时才承担付款义务。上述担保工具被广泛地使用，但是在性质上与见索即付保函不同，不属于本规则调整的范围和目的。

These new Uniform Rules have been introduced because the 1978 ICC Uniform Rules for Contract Guarantees (Publication No. 325) did not gain general acceptance. The new Rules reflect more closely the different interests of the parties involved in a demand guarantee transaction. However, since Publication No. 325 continues to be used to some extent, it will be retained in force for the time being so as to be available for those who may wish to use it in preference to the new Rules. The future of Publication No. 325 will be reviewed at a later date in the light of experience.

之所以制定本套新规则，是由于1978年国际商会《合同担保统一规则》(第325号出版物)未获得普遍接受。这一新规则更准确地反映了见索即付保函交易所涉各方的不同利益。但是，由于第325号出版物继续在某些范围内适用，因此，该出版物在现时仍然有效，以便能够适用于那些更愿意使用该规则的当事人。第325号出版物的未来将根据其使用情况在将来予以重新评估。

The Beneficiary受益人

The beneficiary wishes to be secured against the risk of the principal's not fulfilling his obligations towards the beneficiary in respect of the underlying transaction for which the demand guarantee is given. The guarantee accomplishes this by providing the beneficiary with quick access to a sum of money if these obligations are not fulfilled.

受益人希望就被担保人在基础交易中不履行义务的风险获得见索即付保函所提供的保障。见索即付保函实现了这一目的，当基础交易中的义务未获履行时，受益人可以迅速获得一笔款项。
The Principal被担保人

Whilst recognizing the needs of the beneficiary, the principal can expect on the grounds of equity and good faith to be informed in writing that, and in what respect, it is claimed he is in breach of his obligations. This should help to eliminate a certain level of abuse of guarantees through unfair demands by beneficiaries.

在认可受益人的需要的同时，基于公平与诚信的考虑，被担保人有权获得关于其被称违约及违约事由的书面通知。这在一定程度上有助于消除受益人通过不正当的索偿对保函的滥用。

The Guarantor担保人

For these Rules to apply, the guarantee should not stipulate any condition for payment other than the presentation of a written demand and other specified documents. In particular, the terms of the guarantee should not require the guarantor to decide whether the beneficiary and principal have or have not fulfilled their obligations under the underlying transaction, with which the guarantor is not concerned. The wording of the guarantee should be clear and unambiguous.

适用本规则时，见索即付保函除了规定提交书面的付款要求和其他指定的单据外，不得规定其他任何付款条件。特别是，见索即付保函的条款不得要求担保人判断受益人和被担保人是否履行了他们在基础交易项下的义务，因为这与担保人是无关的。保函的措词应当清楚和明确。

The Instructing Party指示方

The new Rules recognize the existing widespread practice whereby an instructing party may forward to the guarantor instructions received from or on behalf of the principal and counter-guarantee such instructions.

新规则认可了指示方向担保人转递被担保人或其代表发出的指示，并就该指示提供反担保这一普遍存在的实务做法。

General其他

The ICC wishes to encourage good demand-guarantee practice which is equitable to all concerned, and believes that these Rules will result in a fair balance of interests, recognizing the rights and obligations of all parties. Compared with the ICC Rules published in 1978, these Rules incorporate a major change in favor of beneficiaries in that they are no longer confined to guarantees which require the presentation of an arbitration award or other independent documentary evidence in support of any demand. However, guarantees which do require such evidence are still within the scope of these Rules. These new Rules also incorporate provisions relating to counter-guarantees.

国际商会希望鼓励对所涉各方都公平的良好的见索即付保函惯例，并且相信本规则通过认可各方的权利和义务，将会较好地平衡各方利益。与1978年出版的国际商会规则相比，本规则有利于受益人的一项主要变化是，不再要求所有保函项下受益人索偿时必须提交支持其要求的仲裁裁决或者其他独立的证明单据。但是, 如果保函要求提交此类证明，这也仍然在本规则的适用范围内。本新规则还加入了有关反担保函的规定。

It is a characteristic of all guarantees subject to these Rules that they are payable on presentation of one or more documents. The documentary requirements specified in demand guarantees vary widely. At one end is the guarantee which is payable on simple written demand, without a statement of default or other documentary requirements. At the other end is the guarantee which requires presentation of a judgment or arbitral award.

适用本规则的所有见索即付保函的一个特点是在提交了一份或多份单据后获得付款。见索即付保函规定的单据要求差别很大。有的见索即付保函在提交了简单的书面付款要求后即予以付款，而不需要违约声明或者其他单据要求。有的见索即付保函则要求提交判决或者仲裁裁决。

Between these two extremes lie various intermediate forms of guarantee, such as guarantees requiring a statement of default by the beneficiary, with or without an indication of the nature of the default, or the presentation of a certificate by an engineer or surveyor. All these fall within the scope of the new Rules.

在这两类极端的见索即付保函中间存在各种中间形式的见索即付保函，例如要求由受益人出具违约声明，指明或者不指明违约性质的保函，或者要求提交由工程师或者检验员出具的证明的保函。所有这些保函都属于本新规则调整的范围。

However, the interests of the beneficiary must be balanced against the need to protect the principal against an unfair claim on the guarantee. The ICC considers it reasonable to provide that in accordance with principles of equity and fair dealing a demand should be in writing and should at least be accompanied by a statement by the beneficiary that, and in what respect, the principal is in default, and Article 20 so provides. A party who wishes to avoid or alter even this requirement is free to do so but must take the deliberate step of excluding or modifying Article 20 by the terms of the guarantee. However, Article 20, when read with Articles 2 (b) and (c), 9 and 11, also makes it clear that guarantors are not concerned with the adequacy of any statement of breach. The documents must, of course, appear to conform to the guarantee, so that where a non-conformity is apparent on the face of the documents the beneficiary is not entitled to payment. Moreover, these Rules do not affect principles or rules of national law concerning the fraudulent or manifest abuse or unfair calling of guarantees.

但是，在保护受益人利益的同时，也需保护被担保人免受保函项下不正当的索偿的侵害，这二者需要平衡。国际商会认为，依照平等和公平交易原则，规定索偿要求应当采用书面形式且应当至少随附由受益人出具的关于被担保人违约及其违约事由的声明是合理的，本规则第20条对此作了规定。连这一要求都希望回避或者改变的一方有权如此行事，但是必须通过在见索即付保函中有意识地采用条款来排除或者修改第20条的内容。但是，第20条与第2条(b)和(c)款以及第9条和第11条一道，也清楚地表明担保人与任何违约声明的适当性无关。当然，单据必须在表面上与见索即付保函一致，当单据表面上存在不一致时，受益人即无权获得付款。另外，本规则并不影响国内法律关于欺诈性的或者明显的滥用或者不正当支用保函的原则或规则。

Like the UCP, these new Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees apply where expressly incorporated into the guarantee and depend for their success upon their use by the international business community. The ICC, through its National Committees and international fora, will strongly encourage industrial and financial circles to adhere to these Rules, which will help to secure uniformity of practice in the requirements for demand guarantees.

像UCP一样，当保函中明确援引本规则时，本套规则即予以适用，其成功还依赖于国际商业社会对它的使用。国际商会，通过其国家委员会和国际论坛，将强有力地鼓励实业界和金融界遵守本规则，以保证见索即付保函做法的统一。

A. SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE RULES本规则的范围与适用

Article 1第一条

These Rules apply to any demand guarantee and amendment thereto which a Guarantor (as hereinafter described) has been instructed to issue and which states that it is subject to the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees of the International Chamber of Commerce (Publication No. 458) and are binding on all parties thereto except as otherwise expressly stated in the Guarantee or any amendment thereto.

本规则适用于担保人(如以下所述)接受指示出具的、声明适用《国际商会见索即付保函统一规则》(第458号出版物)的任何见索即付保函及其修改，并对所有当事各方均有约束力，除非保函及其修改中另有明确规定。

B．DEFINITION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS定义与一般规定
Article 2第二条

a) For the purpose of these Rules, a demand guarantee (hereinafter referred to as "Guarantee") means any guarantee, bond or other payment undertaking, however named or described, by a bank, insurance company or other body or person (hereinafter called "the Guarantor") given in writing for the payment of money on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a written demand for payment and such other document(s) (for example, a certificate by an architect or engineer, a judgment or an arbitral award) as may be specified in the Guarantee, such undertaking being given:

a）就本规则而言，见索即付保函(以下简称“保函”)系指由银行、保险公司或者其他机构或者个人(以下称“担保人”)以书面形式出具的担保书、保证书或其他付款承诺，不论其名称或描述如何，规定在收到符合承诺条款的书面付款要求以及保函可能规定的其他单据(例如，由建筑师或者工程师出具的证明书、判决或者仲裁裁决)时即予以付款。该承诺系：

1) at the request or on the instructions and under the liability of a party (hereinafter called "the principal" ) ; or

I）应一方(以下称“被担保人”)的要求或者根据该方的指示

2) at the request or on the instructions and under the liability of a bank, insurance company or any other body or person ( hereinafter "the Instructing Party") acting on the instructions of a Principal to another party (hereinafter the "Beneficiary").

II) 应根据被担保人指示行事的银行、保险公司或者其他机构向另外一方(以下称“受益人”)作出。

b) Guarantees by their nature are separate transactions from the contract(s) or tender conditions on which they may be based, and Guarantors are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract(s), or tender conditions, despite the inclusion of a reference to them in the Guarantee. The duty of a Guarantor under a Guarantee is to pay the sum or sums therein stated on the presentation of a written demand for payment and other documents specified in the Guarantee which appear on their face to be in accordance with the terms of the Guarantee.

b) 就其性质而言，保函与可能作为其基础的合同或者投标条件是相互独立的交易，即使保函中有对此类合同或者投标条件的援引，担保人也与该合同或者投标条件无关，且不受其约束。保函项下担保人的义务是在收到表面上与保函条款相一致的书面付款要求及保函所规定的其他文件后支付保函所规定的金额。

c) For the purpose of these Rules, "Counter-Guarantee" means any guarantee, bond or other payment undertaking of the Instructing Party, however named or described, given in writing for the payment of money to the Guarantor on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a written demand for payment and other documents specified in the Counter-Guarantee which appear on their face to be in accordance with the terms of the Counter Guarantee. Counter-Guarantees are by their nature separate trans actions from the Guarantees to which they relate and from any underlying contract (s) or tender conditions, and Instructing Parties are in no way concerned with or bound by such Guarantees, contract(s) or tender conditions, despite the inclusion of a reference to them in the Counter-guarantee.

c) 就本规则而言，“反担保函”系指由指示方以书面形式出具的任何担保函、保证书或者其他付款承诺，无论其名称或描述如何，规定在收到符合承诺条款的书面付款要求以及反担保函可能规定的、表面上与反担保函条款相一致的其他文件后予以付款。反担保函在性质上与和其相关联的保函以及任何基础合同或者投标条件是相互独立的交易，即使反担保函中有对此类保函、合同或者投标条件的援引，指示方也与该保函、合同或者投标条件无关，且不受其约束。

d) The e­xpressions "writing" and "written" shall include an authenticated teletransmission or tested electronic data interchange ("EDI") message equivalent thereto.

d)“书面形式”和“书面的’’应当包括通过经证实的电讯方式传递的，或者与之有同等作用的、以加押的电子数据交换(“EDI”)传递的讯息。

Article 3第三条
All instructions for the issue of Guarantees and amendments thereto and Guarantees and amendments themselves should be clear and precise and should avoid excessive detail. Accordingly, all Guarantees should stipulate:

开立保函及其修改的所有指示以及保函和修改本身都必须清楚、准确，且应当避免过多的细节。照此要求，所有的保函都应当规定：

a) the Principal;

a)被担保人；

b) the Beneficiary;

b)受益人；

c) the Guarantor;

c)担保人；

d) the underlying transaction requiring the issue of the Guarantee;

d)要求出具保函的基础交易；

e) the maximum amount payable and currency in which it is payable;
e)可支付的最高金额和支付的币种；
f) the Expiry Date and/or Expiry Event of the Guarantee;
f)保函的到期日及／或到期事由；
g) the terms for demanding payment;
g)要求付款的条件；
h) any provision for reduction of the guarantee amount.
h)减少担保金额的任何规定。

Article 4第四条
The Beneficiary's right to make a demand under a Guarantee is not assignable unless expressly stated in the Guarantee or in an amendment thereto.

除非保函或者其修改中有明确规定，保函项下受益人要求付款的权利不得转让。

This Article shall not, however, affect the Beneficiary's right to assign any proceeds to which he may be, or may become, entitled under the Guarantee.
但是本条规定并不影响受益人将保函项下其有权获得之款项转让给他人的权利。

Article 5第五条
All Guarantees and counter-guarantees are irrevocable unless otherwise indicated.

除非另有说明，所有的保函及反担保函均不可撤销。

Article 6第六条
A Guarantee enters into effect as from the date of its issue unless its terms expressly provide that such entry into effect is to be at a later date or is to be subject to conditions specified in the Guarantee and determinable by the Guarantor on the basis of any documents therein specified.

保函在出具之日即生效，除非保函条款明确规定延迟生效的期日，或者规定可由担保人基于保函所规定的单据来确定是否得到满足的生效条件。

Article 7第七条
a) Where a Guarantor has been given instructions for the issue of a Guarantee but the instructions are such that, if they were to be carried out, the Guarantor would by reason of law or regulation in the country of issue be unable to fulfill the terms of the Guarantee, the instructions shall not be executed and the Guarantor shall immediately inform the party who gave the Guarantor his instructions by telecommunication, or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means, of the reasons for such inability and request appropriate instructions from that party.

a)当担保人被指示出具保函，但是如果执行该指示，担保人将因保函出具地所在国的法律或规章而无法履行该保函的条款时，则不应执行该指示，且担保人应当立即通过电讯方式，或者，如不可能，则以其他迅捷方式通知向其发出指示的一方，说明不能履行的原因并要求该方作出适当的指示。

b) Nothing in this Article shall oblige the Guarantor to issue a Guarantee where the Guarantor has not agreed to do so.

b)本条规定无论如何均不能使担保人在不同意的情况下出具保函。

Article 8第八条
A guarantee may contain express provision for reduction by a specified or determinable amount or amounts on a specified date or dates or upon presentation to the Guarantor of the document(s) specified for this purpose in the Guarantee.

保函可以明确规定在某一个或多个确定的日期或者在向担保人提示保函就此所规定的单据后，减少规定的或者可确定的金额。

A． C.LIABILITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES义务和责任
Article 9第九条
All documents specified and presented under a Guarantee, including the demand, shall be examined by the Guarantor with reasonable care to ascertain whether or not they appear on their face to conform with the terms of the guarantee. Where such documents do not appear so to conform or appear on their face to be inconsistent with one another, they shall be refused.

担保人必须合理谨慎地审核保函项下所规定并提交的所有单据，包括付款要求，以确定其是否表面符合保函条款。当单据表面上不符合保函条款，或者单据之间表面上互不一致，单据应被拒绝。

Article 10第十条
a) A guarantor shall have a reasonable time within which to examine a demand under a Guarantee and to decide whether to pay or to refuse the demand.

a)担保人应有一段合理的时间审核保函项下的付款要求，以决定是否接受或者拒绝该要求。

b) If the Guarantor decides to refuse a demand, he shall immediately give notice thereof to the Beneficiary by teletransmission, or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means. Any documents presented under the Guarantee shall be held at the disposal of the Beneficiary.

b)如果担保人决定拒绝付款要求，则其必须立即通过电讯，如不可能，则以其他迅捷方式通知受益人。保函项下提交的任何单据都应留待受益人处理。

Article 11第十一条
Guarantors and Instructing Parties assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification, or legal effect of any documents presented to them or for the general and/or particular statements made therein, nor for the good faith or acts or omissions of any person whomsoever.

担保人和指示方对向其提交的任何单据的形式、充分性、准确性、真实性、是否伪造或者法律效力，对单据中含有的一般及／或特别声明或者任何人的诚信、作为或不作为不承担任何责任。

Article 12第十二条
Guarantors and Instructing Parties assume no liability or responsibility for the consequences arising out of delay and/or loss in transit of any messages, letters, demands or documents, or for delay, mutilation or other errors arising in the transmission of any telecommunication. Guarantors and Instructing Parties assume no liability for errors in translation or interpretation of technical terms and reserve the right to transmit guarantee texts or any parts thereof without translating them.

对任何讯息、信函、付款要求或者单据在传递中的延误及／，或灭失所引起的后果，或者任何在电讯传递过程中所发生的延误、变损或其他错误，担保人和指示方不承担责任。担保人和指示方对技术术语的翻译及／或解释中的错误不承担责任，并且保留传递保函文本或其部分而不加翻译的权利。

Article 13第十三条
Guarantors and Instructing Parties assume no liability or responsibility for consequences arising out of the interruption of their business by acts of God, riots, civil commotion, insurrections, wars or any other causes beyond their control or by strikes, lock-outs or industrial actions of whatever nature.

对因自然灾害、暴乱、骚乱、叛乱、战争或者担保人和指示方不可控制的任何其他原因，或者由于罢工或者停工或者任何性质的行业行为所导致的担保人和指示方营业中断而产生的后果，担保人和指示方不承担责任。

来源：一带一路金融工程